Leadership in Military

Introduction For military to be successful in their endeavors, military service needs leaders who are not only agile in their analysis, but also innovative in the development of new solutions to the complex challenges.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leadership in Military specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, military leaders should be academically qualified to lead such significant and racial diverse institution (Richardson 2005, 36). Effective military leadership skills can help the military solve racial inequalities within its departments. As asserted by the activists, the top US military organizations do not only depict racial disparity, but also gender disparity. The current military programs, in the US, emphasize on the need to improve their efficiency and enhance their leadership skills. As such, the military program focuses narrowly on ending the rampant racial and gender inequality in its t op leadership. Based on its diversity, US military leaders should be able to fight the alleged racism with swift. Similarly, the current warfare requires military soldiers with innovative and responsive skills to understand and tackle the ever- increasing applications of technology in the warfare by the terrorist and enemies (Richardson 2005, 34). This paper seeks to identify the characteristics of great military leaders, chooses a specific leader, and assesses the persona of a specific leader. Characteristics of a good military leader Based on the current military standards, most of the great military leaders in the history of the US military would be considered as racists. Despite their military success and outstanding leadership skills, some of these military leaders owned and abused slaves.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of owning slaves, Gorge Washington becam e one of the greatest military leaders in the history of the US military. In the 1940s, activists called for more prewar efforts in the US military. The activists accused the US military for their selective services. Until the mid 1950s, the activists accused the US military for the rampant racism in their departments. Since then more efforts have been put in place to enable recruitment of all persons regardless of their race, color, and gender in the military. To lead an institution confronted with enormous challenges such as racism, a military leader has to rise above traditional tactics and demonstrate control and stability. Similarly, current military leadership entails more than just organizing followers, but also motivating them to confront reality. Through this, efficient military leaders should change values, habits, practices, and priorities in their juniors to be in line with the current racial diversified military services (Serry 2001, 3). To achieve this, military leader s should create a vision, and motivate individuals through appropriate approaches. Through education and experience, an individual develops and learns leadership skills. This implies that learning and applying leadership skills takes some time. For an individual to be an effective military leader, he or she is required to put in conscious and consistent attention of aspiring and proven leaders. Effective military leaders have made deliberate choices to improve their leadership skills throughout their careers. Great military leaders such as George Washington, Dwight Eisenhower, and George Marshall worked persistently to cultivate their abilities and skills through their efforts and commitments. One common attribute about these leaders is that they chose the difficult path of improving their military leadership skills from their first day as junior officers. Similarly, these leaders knew from their early careers that for them to be effective military leaders, they had to enhance their skills through diverse means.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leadership in Military specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Integrity In the military, a leader must be independent, selfless, incorruptible, dedicated, honest, and be sound and morally upright. Through integrity, an individual attains these attributes over time. Military leaders must be perceived as responsible and trustworthy in every setting and situation, whether social, financial, or political. Notably, a military leader should a person of integrity to head a racial diverse institution (Laver 2008, 23). The value of integrity in the great U.S military leaders cannot be overstated. In the history of the U.S military, racism, harsh and brutal punishments were common. This implies that great U.S military leaders had to be intelligent to rise above such challenges, which have persisted to date (Laver 2008, 25). Regarding this, Military leaders should earn trust from their juniors regardless of their race and ethnicity. Similarly, leaders of integrity should work under clear principles. In the history of the US military, George Washington became one of the greatest military leaders due to his integrity. Through his acts of integrity, he led the American soldiers through numerous challenges in the 18th century. He consistently demonstrated his commitment to the patriotic cause. Unlike other past military leaders before him, Washington built a strong trusting relationship with his officers. He always reminded his soldiers about the common interests of defeating the British soldiers. Equally, Washington consistently reminded his soldiers of their own obligation to act with integrity. Through his military services, Washington optimized the cultural ideals in military and courteous honor, of which integrity was the central quality. Other great military leaders known for their integrity included George C. Marshall and Lewis B. C hesty Puller. Through their integrity, the U.S military succeeded in several war fields the two leaders commanded. Lewis B. Chesty Puller became very renowned for his intelligence and charisma.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Determination All U.S. military leaders had strong will and determination. Similarly, modern military leaders should be determined in their endeavors to ensure that racisms and other related injustice in the military are put to an end. It is believed that with determined leaders, numerous challenges such as racism, gender inequality in the military can be reduced significantly. Even though, the past great military leaders in the US military showed little interest in ending racism in the military, their determination and goodwill in the success of the military is considered prudent. Notably, Ulysses Grant was one of the military leaders who had an outstanding determination and a strategic vision. Several literatures have focused on his strategic thinking with the aim of determining the proficiency of his leadership skills (Grant 2011, 54). Due to his exceptional quality leadership skills, Grant is among the most celebrated historical leaders in the history of the U.S military. Carl V on, a writer, described him as a man with great force of will. Like Grant, Gorge Washington George C. Marshall and colonel Powel were always prepared to adapt to new situations. Through this, these leaders never allowed tactical challenges to distract them from achieving their strategic objectives. During their time in power, critics underestimated most of these leaders’ skills and expected them to fail terribly. On the contrary, these leaders endured failures and despondency and slowly worked their way to the top of their professions, earning a reputation as the best military commanders in the U.S. history (Laver 2008, 56). Cross-cultural leadership Several US military leaders became famous during the World War I and the World War II for their cross–cultural leadership styles. Through cross-cultural leaders, the US military rose beyond social barriers during the World War II and worked with other nations regardless of their race. It is believed that the American succe ss in the interwar was due to their participation with their allies. Several literatures have praised these great American leaders as men who accepted responsibility, and made ardors decisions. Notably, Eisenhower was a great military leader who had exceptional cross-cultural leadership qualities. From his junior army officer career, under Brigadier General Fox, to his appointment has a five star general; Eisenhower’s cross-cultural leadership style was eminent. His leadership philosophy asserted that Americans could win the Second World War only with the help of their allies. He strongly believed on motivating a strong unified allied command. To achieve support from the allies, Eisenhower showed humility, patience, and flexibility to American allies. Like Eisenhower, Ulysses Grant and George C. Marshall became famous and successful for their cross-cultural leadership styles (Laver 2008, 80). By exercising cross-cultural leadership styles, these great military leaders gained confidence from their coalition members. Cross-cultural leadership style, allowed them to treat other nations as equal in terms of basic human dignity. Through this principle, cross-cultural leadership style became so effective in the history of the U.S military. Moreover, these leaders’ personal traits such as honesty, fairness, courage, and geniality greatly boosted their leadership style. Mentorship All leaders across all disciplines accept the fact that great leadership styles develop through practical experience. This implies that potential, effective military leaders must not only reflect their personal experience, but also others experience and learn from both. Through this, they must reinforce their learning through practice. Similarly, studying through experience approach may necessitate an individual to study the past events or individuals. Political philosophers have asserted that great military leaders should always use history as a guide to military action. By do ing so, those aspiring to be effective military leaders must study the path taken by great military leaders in history and emulate their success, while learning from their mistakes. If American military leaders had analyzed the history of the Vietnam War, before proceeding with the war in Iraq in 2003, most of the current challenges faced by our military soldiers in the Middle East could be insignificant. Past military seniors mentored most great military leaders in the US. As such, their leadership styles were acquired from these senior leaders. In this regard, a few of them possessed inborn leadership styles. For instance, Ulysses Grant did not begin his career with an unshaken determination. His determination developed out of experienced in wars, learning, and studying his previous mentors. Grant applied lessons from the Mexicans campaign during the early engagements of the civil war, and demonstrated a confident determination during the Vicksburg campaign. As an army officer, Gr ant was fortunate to serve with high-ranking men in the military history such as Zachary Taylor and Charles F. Smith. Grant always requested help from general smith as a cadet. Smith taught Grant that leaders must always be prepared to fight. Through these teachings, Grant succeeded and served as a role model in the military leadership. Most literatures assert that Grant learned his greatest lessons from firsthand experience. With every decision Grant made, he gained experience and confidence, which helped him develop into a determined commander. It is worth noting that Grants persistence was not mere stubbornness. Stubborn leaders fail to recognize strategic and tactical skills needed for effective leadership. Similarly, Eisenhower’s seniors mentored his leadership skills. In the year 1922, Eisenhower went to Panama to work alongside Brigadier General Conner. Conner had an unusual quality of mentoring his junior officers. During their stay in Panama, Conner revived Eisenhowe r’s interest in American history. It was through their relationship that Conner taught Eisenhower the key principles of leadership. Conner thought his young scholar the importance of unity in command. He taught him that large campaign must have a commander over all its forces. Similarly, Conner taught Eisenhower the value of preparation and study. By the end of their relationships, Eisenhower had articulated his leadership principles. Charismatic leadership Charisma in the great American military leaders cannot be overstated. Historians assert that the great American military leaders had ability to motivate men to act towards a common course. Their marines were always ready for their command. They were always ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the country. Lewis B Chesty Puller was one of these leaders. He became a great role model among the greatest military leaders in the history of the US military. Few leaders will manage a similar career and retain their commo n touch like him. Similarly, Ulysses Grant and Colonel Powel were among the other few charismatic leaders in the history of the U.S. Because of their great contribution to the country, the leaders enjoyed massive support from the public and their subordinates. Their self-confidence enabled them to conquer numerous military challenges experienced at their times. These leaders were not only confidence but also courageous; they had strong beliefs over their decisions and moves. They were never afraid to make vital military decisions, which shaped the history of this country. Through their innovation, these leaders maximized the skills of their battalions. During the Mexican American war, Ulysses Grant was responsible for the regiment logistics. The complexity of the challenges faced during the war needed a charismatic leader to provide appropriate solutions. On arrival, at the War field, Grant negotiated with the local suppliers, bent a few military regulations, and eventually secured sufficient mules to organize a caravan for the war. These innovative acts, depicts Grants ingenuity. George C. Marshall George C. Marshall was born on 31st, December 1880. He was one of the greatest military leaders in the history of America. Marshall served as chief military adviser under the leadership of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As a young boy, Marshall was educated in several private schools (Laver 2008, 95). However, after the 1891 economic collapse, Marshall transferred to a public school. His father noted that during his early years he demonstrated little academic excellence, except in historical subjects. Marshall developed a lot of interest in history throughout his entire life. Through this, historical studies assert that Marshall solved most of his challenges using solutions from his past. Marshall later enrolled in the Virginia Military School in the year 1897.Upon his enrollment, Marshall became enthusiastic about the regimen and quickly grasped the skills to be ing a successful military leader. He persevered through adversity to achieve his intended goals at the military school. While at the military school, Marshall was very hard working and ambitious. Because of his ambitiousness, Marshall received numerous promotions and held a prestigious office at a lower. Though his class grades were average, Marshall committed his time to extra studies, which made him learn self-control, discipline, and problem management skills. All through his career, Marshall became very popular for his extraordinary commitment in the military. He was hardworking, energetic, assertive, and always expected his staff to demonstrate extraordinary commitment. As a leader, he was always fair, empathetic, and conscious. He always provided his juniors with opportunities to relax and energize. Although, Marshall was acutely sensitive to misconceptions of the army, he always remained a model of discipline in full control of his emotions. In spite of working under regular stress and pressure, he still enjoyed every time he worked as a military leader. As an institutional leader, Marshall understood the importance of effective communication in leadership. He communicated with his subordinates effectively building organizational morale and developed strong relationships with his subordinates. Like Ulysses Grant, Marshall acquired his leadership skills through experience and studying historical military occurrence. He greatly benefitted from his understanding of American history in the army and social influence. He learned from personal experience and his mentors. Through this, he developed an administrative philosophy that emphasized on simplicity, efficiency, and decentralization. Unlike any other military leaders in the history of the US military, Marshall understood the underlying domestic issues of race and gender inequalities in the US military. Although he never implemented any policy to end such inequalities, he asserted that anyone could engage in military acts regardless of their race and gender. Notably, he mentored women in the regular army and supported the minority military organizations, including the African American Tuskegee aviators and the Japanese American Nisei Battalion (Adams 1993, 1). In general, Marshall’s personal character, organizational skills, and reform-minded policies made him an outstanding institutional leader (Dodd 1962, 67). Conclusion From this analysis, it is clear that great American military leaders achieved their goals due to their effective leadership styles. These men achieved high ranks and positions in the military because of their competency, loyalty, and passion for their career. Similarly, these leaders had exceptional leadership qualities in that they were able to impart their skills and knowledge in their subordinates (Cawthorne 2004, 55). In this regard, current military leaders, corporate leaders and those aspiring to be leaders in every discipline will greatly benefit fro m the historical analysis of these leaders. Through this, they have to study the models of these great leaders and learn from their examples. In addition, current leaders can analyze these great leaders’ attributes to establish reasons for their stability in leadership. Although these leaders showed little or no interest in ending racism in the military, it would be unfair for us to judge them using the current leadership standards. Instead, we must advocate for equality in our military services. Through this, we should analyze the past military leaderships, while noting on their failures to end racial and gender inequalities in the military. Through this, we are to come up with appropriate policies aimed at ending social inequalities in our military system. Reference List Adams, Peter. 1993. Chappie James, Jr. New York: National Aviation Hall of Fame. Cawthorne, Nigel. 2004. Military commanders: the 100 greatest throughout history. New York: Enchanted Lion Books. Dodd, Mead. 1962. Famous American military leaders of World War II. New York:, U.S. Army War College. Grant, R. G. 2011. Commanders. London: Dorling Kindersley. Laver, Harry. 2008. The art of command military leadership; from George Washington, to Colin Powell. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. Richardson, John. 2005. Real Leadership and The U.S. Army: Overcoming A Failure Of Imagination To Conduct Adaptive Work. New York: W. W. Norton. Serry, Mordu. 2001. The Trials and Tribulations of General Colin L. Powell. New York: Random House. This research paper on Leadership in Military was written and submitted by user Uriah R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alexander Pope and the Scientific Revolution Essays

Alexander Pope and the Scientific Revolution Essays Alexander Pope and the Scientific Revolution Essay Alexander Pope and the Scientific Revolution Essay In the seventeenth century many scientists and philosophers strayed away from the church’s way of thinking and began to seek out their own explanations of the world around them. Scientists questioned, even opposed theories the church had been teaching for centuries. Alexander Pope, a philosophical poet, wrote a very controversial poem that changed a lot of people’s views on God’s divine role in human kind, as well as inspired people to think for themselves. What made Pope’s ideas so unique? How did Pope incorporate the belief of God with the new scientific discoveries of his time? Exploring these questions gives a better understanding of the conflict between science and religion in the seventeenth century, and insight on a man who believed everyone should accept the world as they find it. The scientific revolution was a time of dramatic change. People began asking questions of the world around them, and instead of looking to the church for answers as they had for many years, started coming up with their own theories. Alexander Pope was very interested in the scientific discoveries of his time, particularly those of Sir Isaac Newton, and tried to incorporate them into his faith. This was dangerous however, because the Church opposed all of the new ideas being brought forth, as they felt it was challenging their beliefs. Pope’s main intent was not to oppose the Church; instead, he sought to build a bridge between religion and the new scientific discoveries as a way to glorify God. By writing â€Å"An Essay on Man†, Pope wished to present a God that was different from those in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The faith that he presents in his poem is similar in that it is monotheistic; however, the new ideas he offers on humanity’s role in the universe was incomparable to any other religion at the time. This was just one of many examples of the critical thinking that was beginning to be used in the scientific revolution, and encouraged others to seek out their own explanations of the world around them. For centuries it had been common belief that the earth was the center of the universe and humans were God’s greatest creation; therefore, new discoveries in nature and the universe generally contradicted the Church’s teachings and beliefs. In Pope’s poem â€Å"An Essay on Man†, he explains God’s relationship to the world in a Newtonian way. Pope tried to use the new scientific discoveries in nature and the universe as a way to glorify God, showing that He was everywhere and a part of everything. The poem states that no matter how complex or evil the world seems to humans, it follows the natural order of God, and therefore should be accepted. Pope believes that the ignorance of people to the world around them inhibits their relationship with God. It was this kind of thinking outside of the norm that was present among many philosophers during the scientific revolution. The most important aspect of the scientific revolution is people began to ask questions of the world around them, and sought the answers for themselves. Instead of looking to the church for answers, they began to observe, examine and explore for themselves. Alexander Pope was one of many , who instead of accepting the Church’s beliefs, interpreted the universe and God’s place in it all in his own perspective and encouraged others to do the same.

Provocation As A Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Provocation As A Defence - Essay Example The researcher states that today, under the English common law the act of provocation as a defence has been considered as a vali, since last many centuries especially in cases of murder and wherever it has been proved to be a valid defence worth consideration then in that case the murder charge has been converted to man-slaughter. The killings done by the accused has been condoned because according to the judge and the jury it was done in a state of anger aroused by some or the other kind of provocation. Provocation as a defence has been going on since the medieval times. The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, which reported in 1953, concluded that the defence was, in some respects, too rigid and exclusionary. The English Law Commission has recently published its final proposals for a reformed law of provocation. The recommendations come in two parts: situations where accused acted in response to a fear of serious violence or in response to words or conduct that constitute †Å"gross provocation.† In cases of fear of serious violence, accused will be convicted of second degree murder, provided a person of the accused’s age and of ordinary temperament, in the given circumstances might have reacted in the similar way. This development is welcome and seems entirely suitable to cover without strain domestic violence cases. It also caters to the demands of the long drawn of several activists who had been crying hoarse over the years over the defence of provocation as being flawed and bloated.

Legal Structures of British Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Structures of British Government - Essay Example The overall law making authority is really diverse in the UK with no single authority has the power to make the laws in the country. Once the bill is approved by the Parliament i.e. the House of Lords, it is then sent to the Queen for Royal Assent and once it is signed by Queen, it becomes law. As such the overall law making authority in the UK rests with the Parliament, however, the overall law making also requires the approval of Queen to make them into a law. The Role of Queen, however, is considered as nominal as the final law making authority is Parliament. The Prime Minister of the country is considered as the Head of Her Majesty’s Government and the PM, along with the cabinet is accountable to the Monarch, to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the public. It is also important to note that the position of PM in the country is not established under constitutional law in the country but it is created under the long established conventions in the cou ntry. Under the convention, it is held that the Monarch must appoint a Prime Minister in the country who can gain the confidence of the Parliament. It is also critical to note that the position of Prime Minister was not actually created under the law but evolved over the period of centuries. Prime Minister has both the legislative as well as executive powers and role and in the House of Commons, he has the mandate to make laws with the overall goal of enacting the legislative agenda of the political party to which he or she belongs to.

Harley Davidson: Supply Chain Management

Harley Davidson: Supply Chain Management Introduction: In the business market there are many different organizations, but those who have good quality, design, and manufacturing process with low cost and meet market requirement they wins like Harley-Davidson. The main objective of Harley- Davidson was to focus on Just In Time manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Total Quality Management in order to compete with other organizations. In this case study the emphasis is on how they developed the Supply Chain Management, Supplier Relationship, timed delivery and Quality. How sharing of information help them to implement just in time at supplier end ,its brief history ,problems it had faced in mid 70s, the remedies, the steps followed to overcome the downfall, with emphasis on Supply Chain Management, and lastly it concludes with the findings and learnings from the overall case study Brief History Harley Davidson is an American manufacturing motor cycle company which was built in 1903 by William Harley and author Davidson. In year 1970 the decision taking power was in the hand of cooperate parent company American machine and foundry at that time Harley Davidson was sole surviving company who were making heavy weight motor cycle in united states.AMF wanted to take the advantage of the market so decide to increase the production neglecting the importance of supply chain which made the quality go out of control. In 1981 new management was appointed by Harley Davidson to get out of this issue .Better operations towards better Bikes was their goal. Problems faced by Harley Davidson In the mid 1970s H-D had tough times, the market share was decreasing due to the poor quality of the product. After a detailed analysing it became evident that overproduction has resulted in a defocus from the Supply Chain Management. The quality of the H-D product which was the basis for their success did no longer exist. The low number of the Inventory Turns led to a high level of Stocks. With the demand decreasing and the high stocks the company was cash ridden. The recession also had its impact on low returns of the company. Another problem was they had no control over the suppliers and supplier quality was unpredictable which added to customer dissatisfaction. Remedial Measures Taken In 1980 Harley Davidson really had bad time so the management decided to take action by organizing there company with new start, management launched production schedule which increased inventory turns.Inventory Turns is define as the ratio of cost of goods and average inventory. The inventory dropped to 4 million Dollars, with high level of productions. Inventory turns increased from 16 to 28 million per year. Supplier base was reduced from 320 to 120 it leads to focus on supplier and better relationship with supplier. Set up times were reduced drastically, it made smaller lifesize feasible which increased the production. Harley Davidson introduced SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMET and JUST IN TIME MANAGEMENT which help to achieve continuous improvement in quality and delivery services,so there was drop in warranty cost also helped to eliminate inventory. Shift of production focus from PUSH (anticipating demand) to PULL (responding to orders). Supplier involvement program was evolved to improve the product development efficiencies and effectiveness which lead to development cost and reduction of developed time and reduce the cost and increase product value. Suppliers must install JIT, Statistical Operator Control, and should work for continuous improvements. Supplier development must increase the performance and capability to meet the long term supply need. Rewards and Outcome The main achievement of Harley Davidson is Quality and Delivery, it had established its base in the market.Introduction of just in time management helped them to work according to customer needs which led to customer satisfaction. Continuous improvement and bench marking the supplier helped them to improve the quality of the product. Analysis Supply chain management:-It is an activity which is defined as planning of operations, implementing the operations and controlling the operation of the supply chain to satisfy customer requirement as efficiently as possible. It includes production scheduling; Order processing, inventory management and customer services. Just in Time or Man: Just in time helped Harley Davidson by eliminating waste by using quality of raw material, producing right quality of product in right place at right time. It also improves the product quality, increase the productivity and decrease the cost. Harley Davidson called just in time as man (material as needed).just in time help Harley Davidson to develop trust between suppliers, it also helped to increase inventory turns which generate the cash flow. Principles and Technique of just in time used by Harley Davidson Total quality control:- The purpose of total quality management is to focus on customer satisfaction by improving process, high quality of product and services. Total quality can be achieved by Employee involvement program and stastical operator control. Reducing batch size production:- small batch size production helps to reduce inventory, reduce handling cost, smooth production flow and improves quality of the product. Reduce set up time:- Reduction of set up time helps to make smaller and larger size doable. It also increases the productivity and quality. Reduces inventory, space and time. Pull system (kanban):- pull system is a method in which we can control the flow production based on customer demand. In this system production is done in small batches in case if there is any problem at any point of operation the whole production line will quickly come to stop. Implementation of pull system can help you to eliminate waste in handling, optimize the shop floor space usage and improves on time delivery to customer. Supplier development:- supplier development is long term relationship between customer and supplier that intent to benefit both. Supplier should not be treated as external source but part of supply chain management. Supplier development is actually developing supplier in same way the employer are developed, providing scheduling information about product and involving supplier in design stage can improve the quality of product. Darren docemsolo lean supply chain mgnt Total employee involvement:- Each and every employee should be committed and dedicated to their work.employeer should be involved in quality circle with in the organization in order to discuss and develop management issue. Quality circle to encourage employee to take responsibility of their work which helps to improve quality and elimination of waste. Supplier selection: The best decision taken by the management of a Harley Davidson was proper selection of supplier .In the past there were lot of suppliers so quality of the product was unpredictable single sourcing helped them to check the defect .selection was done by better interviewing the supplier and understanding supplier capability. Supplier relationship: Another important step taken by Harley Davidson was improvement of supplier relationship .Their past relationship with suppliers was not that good which lead to quality and delivery problem ,weak relation with supplier can affect the organization and entire supply chain. Sharing information and conducting problem solving programs like statically operation control and employee involvement program helped Harley Davidson to improve the long term relationship. Working together with the supplier in various forms improves effectiveness and efficiency of operations in a company. Good use of relationship with the supplier can enhance the resource and capability of the company and hence it can improve market effectiveness. Harley Davidson would conduct meeting twice a year and looked for continuous improvement process. Continuous improvement continuous improvement is a management policy that sees quality improvement as an on-going process, and increasing improvement rather than once and for all improvement efforts. It helps to improve the supply chain as a whole. Future Trends Harley Davidson has diversified futuristic plans. Apart from being a leader in the Motorcycle manufacturing, they are into Branding of their logos. Supplier trainings, which includes a detailed study of their past strategies, problems and the way they have approached the solutions. The innovative Supply Chain Management systems which they inculcated in the organization. Also their aims are: Being world class customer Make worlds profitable motor cycle To have best supplier in the world To be recognised by customer for quality, value of product, services Key point Key points that we could learn from this layout are Quality cost Delivery and demand Development Management Quality is the main objective of each and every organization but is should also be cost effective. The efficient logistics must ensure that the delivery is on time, which in turn increases the demand. Continual improvement of the product is achieved by development of research, training and supplier relationship. Management must be actively involved in strategically controlling the operations of Supply chain. Conclusion From the above study we can conclude that how Harley Davidson regained their reputation in the market by applying Supply Chain Management, just in time program and also good relation with the supplier helped them to improve their quality and standard of the product. Supplier quality was unpredictable in past, sharing information, good scheduling and teaching their supplier to adapt just in time program improved Harley Davidsons quality, delivery and sevices.Thus applying supply chain management organization can improve their product range and make a better way for their future.

iPhone Security Essay -- Mobile Technology, Computer Forensics

iPhone Security Nowadays, technology is speeding our way of communication and the way in which we handle our personal lives. Zdziarski (2008) described, â€Å"How the iPhone has quickly become a market leader in technology and has been a big success around the world† (preface.iX). The iPhone has become a very useful tool in many aspects of people lives. However, people should be aware that this device can store a great amount of data in its memory and that if you ever lost or had it stolen all off your personal and professional information can be available to whoever has it in their hand. Today many companies do their business directly from the iPhones. Business people and non-business people alike are using the iPhone in order to achieve most of their office work or maintain contact with their family and friends. For example, in the commercial sectors most employees nowadays execute many of their tasks from anywhere and not necessarily have to go to their office and login into their computers. By using the iPhone employees can create important documents, save important announcements and do important transactions by using the iPhone. On the other hand, people who are not in the business sectors use the iPhone for their personal use. For example, talk with their family, friends, or spend time doing web searching in different areas that they are interested in. Nevertheless, the iPhone contains sensitive information in their memory that belongs to the owner and information that can belong to other people with who the owner of the iPhone had established a conversation or any type of chat in the network. Zdziarski (2008) described, â€Å"that the information saved in the iPhone memory can be e-mails, photos, documents, text messages, phone... ...iminals are getting benefits from the iPhone. Engdahl (2011) described how the police and forensic investigators have to work together in order to find all the complete evidence that the criminals left in the iPhone before they committed their crime (p. 15). With the techniques, the skills, and knowledge of law enforcement officers and forensic investigators they will be able to confidently prosecute those criminals involved in fraud, bribery and other corrupt practices and criminal acts. Judges and prosecutors have to have all the evidence before they condemn any person to jail. The job of law enforcement and computer forensics will never end because the criminals are using new tools to commit their crime. In fact, the job of law enforcement and forensic is to reveal the hiding information of the criminals who commits crimes to those who are innocent people.

Fossil Fuels: Developing Nations Look to Future Technologies for Energy Independence

The world is currently going through paradigm shift for large scale energy production. As a growing multitude of people, globally, are plugging in, that energy comes from technologies that were first developed in the 19th century. Renewable energy projects are outpacing fossil fuels and plummeting prices is causing demand to grow exponentially. Despite efforts to improve upon the antiquated design of heat source, boil water, steam, turbine, energy, to squeeze out and clean up as much coal and oil as possible, renewable energy technology needed to be developed, mass produced, and installed on a colossal scale to overtake the cheap operations cost coal has held for over a century. Taking a systematic approach, I will bring to attention the global energy revolution that is transforming the lives for billions of people. Likewise, I will address some of the common stigmas of size, jobs production, health effects of fossil fuels, and which countries are leading the largest efforts in industrial scale renewable energy production. Lastly, I will close with energy estimations into the future and what it means for renewable energies as they inherit a larger role in the energy landscape. Leading into 2018, renewable energy is now cheaper and more cost effective than fossil fuels, which data illustrates a decade of decline in fossil fuels for developed nations, but moreover that developing nations are now leap frogging fossil fuels in spending, taking advantage of the global cheaper cost of renewable energy. Table 1 – Global Pricing and Coal to Oil Consumption and Production Source: BP, 67th Annual Review of Global Coal ConsumptionCITATION Bri18 p 36,38-39 l 1033 (British Petroleum BP 36,38-39)Pricing index for global purchasing of coal: US Dollars per ton Northwest Europe US Central Appalachian Japan Steam China Qinhuangdao Marker Price Spot Price Index Spot CIF Price Spot Price2007 88.79 49.73 95.59 61.232011 121.52 84.75 126.13 127.272012 92.50 67.28 100.30 111.892017 84.51 63.83 96.02 94.72Coal Consumption: Million tons oil equivalent2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 544 535 471 498 470 416 431 430 372 340 332China 1584 1609 1685 1748 1903 1927 1969 1954 1914 1889 1892India 240 259 280 290 304 330 352 387 395 405 424Japan 117 120 101 115 109 115 121 119 119 118 120Coal Production: Million tons oil equivalent2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 558 566 513 523 528 491 475 482 426 348 371Russia 143 149 141 151 157 168 173 176 186 194 206Australia 227 234 242 250 245 265 285 305 306 307 297China 1439 1491 1537 1665 1851 1873 1894 1864 1825 1691 1747India 210 227 246 252 250 255 255 269 281 284 294Indonesia 127 141 151 162 208 227 279 269 272 268 271Energy and politics often go hand-in-hand, and one of the stronger talking points by many politicians is the continued growth and use of coal as a primary source for power. During the 2016 US presidential elections, this was even a main talking point by then candidate Trump. But how much of that is really true? In reality, coal consumption has declined by 40% in the United States, from 2007-2017, despite this reduction, coal and natural gas still make up 64% of the energy produced in the United StatesCITATION Man16 p 529 l 1033 (Mantel 529). Table one curtesy of British Petroleum did a cost analysis and oil to coal equivalent use for all nations. The price of coal is increasing globally and regressing back to prices seen in 2012 shortly after their peak cost in 2011CITATION Bri18 p 36 l 1033 (British Petroleum BP 36). These are the top producing and consuming nations in the world for coal. Table one highlights over a ten-year period (2007-2017) the United States had declined in coal consumption and production with a small uptick in production in 2017. This uptick could factor from political figures in office and relaxation of environmental regulations and controls. While developing nations show continued growth in coal consumption with China leading by a wide margin, peak consumption happening in 2013. India is continuing year after year steady growth, this is in line with the population and infrastructure modernization efforts. Detractors for fossil fuels will argue that this is because fossil fuels are cheap to produce and operate and as such should remain the primary resource for energy production as the Earth has still hundreds of years-worth and those in the future will figure out something that works. Well a quick response to that short-sighted answer, is the sun has billions of years remaining the technology for energy extraction is here now. However, data derived from Bloomberg states: The Frankfurt School, Renewable Cost Database of the International Agency for Renewable Energy (IRENA) and UN Environment – puts fossil fuels generated energy costs in the range of $49 and $174 per MWh (Megawatt hours) in G20 energy markets in 2017. Over a comparable period, renewable energy production came in between $35 and $54 per MWhCITATION Gau18 l 1033 (Sharma). Based on the data, no matter how a public relations employee of insert [fossil fuel corporation here] tries to spin the information, renewables are considerably cheaper, and prices continue to fall. This lower cost also allows for power companies to build larger renewable energy plants or cheaper plants that pass the savings to the customer. Critics for fossil fuels despite the data and evidence that renewable energies are more cost effective will then lament about the jobs created by the fossil fuel industry and people who have no other skills and are unable to learn something new. This again is a fallacy as the fastest growing segment in the energy industry for jobs growth is renewable energy. When compared against gigawatt hour energy production the two forms of energy producing technologies show orders of magnitude difference in favor for renewable energies: The number of jobs directly created from generating electricity via solar and wind power is ~10-60 jobs/GWh. This is significantly more jobs than are created through investments in conventional energy technology such as coal (0.3 jobs/GWh) and natural gas (0.1 jobs/GWh)CITATION Emi17 l 1033 (Noordeh). The size and scope that developing nations are applying towards renewable energy projects is in the billions of dollars. China is leading the way by setting the record in 2017 with a staggering 126.6 billion USD CITATION Ren18 p 140 l 1033 (REN21 140). China's investment in renewable energy is serving two purposes though. The first as demonstrated to the world in the 2008 summer Olympics is the abysmal air quality around China's capital Beijing. Decades of manufacturing and industry growth combined with little to no environmental regulation has led to China claiming the title for poorest air quality in the world. As it stands, â€Å"Air pollution kills 3.3 million people a year world-wide, including 55,000 Americans, according to a new study by an international group of scientists† CITATION Ada15 p 961 l 1033 (Adams 961). Continuing down the path of fossil fuels will lead to environmental catastrophe, one that neither China nor the world can afford. The second reason is economies of scale. China has over a billion people and being able to sufficiently provide reliable power to them and future generations is a daunting challenge. With renewable energies being cheaper than fossil fuels, and construction-to-operations time being significantly less, China can start supplying stable energy to its population and prevent spikes in prices and demand as regions continue to grow. As China and India move to stabilize and improve their electrical grid, this affords their populations to grow from an average household annual energy consumption rate of: 1,600 KWh in 2011 to 2,000KWh in 2016. By contrast the average US household consumes roughly 12,000KWh annually in 2016 and is the world's foremost consumer of electricity only followed by the Middle East. Currently the average global household energy consumption for 2016 is 3,800 KWh.CITATION Ren18 p 169 l 1033 (REN21 169) Renewable energy production and plummeting cost has countries you might not consider building in clean energy plants in record numbers. In the Middle East there is a new energy boom happening with truly transformative scale in solar plants as they are setting the stage to provide clean power to their nation and the surrounding region for the 21st and 22nd century. The Middle East, oil capital of the world is preparing to continue to export energy as a trade after oil the runs out. Major economies of scale started in 2017 including a 200MW solar plant completed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia completed a 300MW solar plant with the announcement in January 2018 that they were planning a 3.3GW plant to be constructed and operational in one yearCITATION Ren18 p 95 l 1033 (REN21 95)! Costs per KWh for these power plants have also set records for being the cheapest price to buy. For a size comparison the average US coal power plant is 50MW, while if you wanted to achieve one gigawatt or more you needed a nuclear power plant. So where does that leave wind energy? Globally, since 2007 wind energy has grown from 94GW to 539GW in 2017 with China producing roughly 190GW of energy, blowing away its next nearest competitor the United States who produced 85GW in the same timeframe CITATION Ren18 p 109-110 l 1033 (REN21 109-110). Not to be detoured but for size and scope of renewable energy, if the wind energy produced in the United States would have been globally ranked by state, â€Å"Texas were a country, it would rank sixth worldwide for cumulative capacity. Wind power accounted for nearly 15% of electricity generation in the state during 2017†³CITATION Ren18 p 111-112 l 1033 (REN21 111-112). Across the globe counties that could not develop large enough solar arrays due to either space or location, have found remarkable success in wind turbine utilization. Many counties that have a coast line are opting for massive off-shore wind farms leveraging the ocean winds with no impact on the land mass of that country. As renewable energy prices continue to dive because of mass production, adoption, and economies of scale more developing nations will see this as a viable resource. The stigma surrounding renewable energy as a fringe or small-scale resource have been shattered and every argument from the fossil fuel industry has been debunked and laid to rest, people are realizing that it is time to move to a better, cleaner form of energy generation. Not only for themselves but for their children as well, combining to this is the ability to build anywhere and on a scale that can meet the needs of the people in that particular region. With some developing countries having little to no infrastructure and having their only option being the cheapest product, they are then left with two choices, wind or solar. This will in effect cause them to adopt and leapfrog 20th century industrial age energy production methods involving fossil fuels, while continued suppling of fossil fuels for energy production is not beneficial and leaves developing nations beholden to outside nations and that could become a national security risk. This will provide them with a freedom to choose and build how their energy infrastructure looks and in turn teaches the next generations how to improve and make it better for their kids. Works CitedBIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Jill U. â€Å"Air Pollution and Climate Change.† CQ Researcher 13 Nov 2015: pp. 961-84. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqreserr2015111300.British Petroleum BP. â€Å"Coal – BP Statisical Review of World Energy 67th Edition.† BP Statisical Review of World Energy 67th Edition (2018): pp. 35-40. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-coal.pdf. 12 09 2018.Mantel, Barbra. â€Å"Coal Industry's Future.† CQ Researcher 17 June 2016 : pp. 529-52. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2016061700.Noordeh, Emil. â€Å"Leapfrogging Dirty Energy in Developing Nations.† 05 11 2017. http://large.stanford.edu/. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/noordeh1/. 12 09 2018.REN21. â€Å"Renewables 2018 Global Status Report.† Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (2018): pp. 95, 109-112, 140, 169. http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/20 18/06/17-8652_GSR2018_FullReport_web_final_.pdf.Sharma, Gaurav. â€Å"Production Cost Of Renewable Energy Now ‘Lower' Than Fossil Fuels.† 24 04 2018. https://www.forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/gauravsharma/2018/04/24/production-cost-of-renewable-energy-now-lower-than-fossil-fuels/#7cc5b68d379c. 12 09 2018.